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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Lab 1 - Jim Martinson</title> <link href="Lab01.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </head> <body> <h1>Lab 1 - Jim Martinson</h1> <header> <h2>HTML and CSS</h2> HTML (the Hypertext Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are two of the core technologies for building Web pages. HTML provides the structure of the page, CSS the (visual and aural) layout, for a variety of devices. Along with graphics and scripting, HTML and CSS are the basis of building Web pages and Web Applications. </header> <article> <h3>HTML</h3> HTML is a markup language for describing web documents (web pages). HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag. The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a slash before the tag name. The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag. HTML elements with no content are called empty or void elements. <br> is an empty or void element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break). Empty or void elements have no closing tag. </article> <aside> HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. A markup language is a set of markup tags. The current version of HTML is version 5 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5">HTML5</a>). It is the fifth and last major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium (<a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>) recommendation. HTML specifications and standards are now under control of the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (<a href="https://whatwg.org/">WHATWG</a>). HTML documents are described by HTML tags. Each HTML tag describes different document content. "Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web. </aside> <article> <h3>CSS</h3> Styles Solved a Big Problem. HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document. HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:<br> <h1>This is a heading</h1><br> <p>This is a paragraph.</p><br> When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process. To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS. In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file. All browsers support CSS today. </article> <aside> CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. Styles define how to display HTML elements. Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve the problem of formatting HTML without using using lots of formatting tags. The current version of CSS that has been adopted by most browsers is version 3 (<a href="">CSS3</a>). The World Wide Web Consortium (<a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>) has a recommendation for version 4. However, CSS4 has never become an official version and may never do so. CSS development is now broken up into modules which level independently. External Style Sheets can save a lot of work. External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files. </aside> <footer class="clear"> Learn more at: <a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss">https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss</a>. </footer> </body> </html>